Rutile
Rutile is the most common titanium oxide mineral and is prized both as a titanium ore and as a collector mineral. Its best-known collector form is as golden to red needle inclusions inside clear quartz — "rutilated quartz" — where the metallic needles create striking optical effects. Graves Mountain, Georgia produces some of the finest rutile specimens in the world, alongside kyanite and lazulite.
Physical Properties
Chemical Formula
TiO₂
Hardness (Mohs)
6–6.5
Color
Deep red, reddish-brown, black, gold
Luster
Adamantine to metallic
Crystal System
Tetragonal
Streak
Pale brown to yellowish
Cleavage
Good in two directions
Specific Gravity
4.18–4.25
🔍 Field Identification Tips
Deep red to reddish-brown adamantine luster (diamond-like brilliance) is distinctive. Very high luster for a non-metallic mineral. Pale brownish streak. Knee-shaped twin crystals are diagnostic. In quartz, golden needle inclusions (rutilated quartz) are instantly recognizable. Tetragonal prisms with striations parallel to length.
Varieties & Forms
📍 Where to Find Rutile in the US
Uses & Applications
Titanium ore (primary), white pigment (TiO₂), welding electrodes, collectors specimens (especially rutilated quartz).
💰 Collector Value Guide
Common rutile: $10–$50. Graves Mountain specimens: $30–$300. Rutilated quartz (cabochons): $20–$200. Gem-quality faceted rutile: $50–$500/ct.
Find Rutile With Our Tools
Use the We Lick Rocks app to identify specimens, find dig sites, and connect with local rockhounds.